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CSS position is a property that controls the positioning of HTML elements on a web page. It allows you to specify how an element should be placed in relation to its normal position in the document flow or in relation to other elements.
There are four main values for the position property:
-
static(Default):- This is the default value for most elements. In the normal document flow, elements are laid out in the order they appear in the HTML code.
position: static;means the element will not be affected by thetop,bottom,left, orrightproperties. It cannot be moved using thetop,bottom,left, orrightproperties either.
- This is the default value for most elements. In the normal document flow, elements are laid out in the order they appear in the HTML code.
-
relative:- When
position: relative;is applied to an element, it remains in the normal document flow but can be moved relative to its normal position using thetop,bottom,left, orrightproperties. - When an element is moved with
position: relative;, it still occupies its original space in the layout, and other elements are not affected by its movement.
- When
-
absolute:- With
position: absolute;, an element is removed from the normal document flow, and its position is based on its nearest positioned ancestor (an ancestor element with apositionvalue ofrelative,absolute, orfixed). - Once an element is positioned absolutely, it can be moved using the
top,bottom,left, orrightproperties. Other elements on the page will not be affected by its movement, and the element will overlap other content if necessary.
- With
-
fixed:position: fixed;is similar toposition: absolute;, but the element is positioned relative to the viewport, meaning it will stay in the same position even when the page is scrolled.- Fixed elements are often used for creating headers, footers, or navigation bars that remain visible as the user scrolls through the content.
How to Use position Property:
To use the position property, select the HTML element you want to position and apply the appropriate value. Here's an example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Position Example</title>
<style>
.container {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: lightblue;
}
.relative-position {
position: relative;
top: 20px;
left: 30px;
}
.absolute-position {
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
right: 50px;
}
.fixed-position {
position: fixed;
bottom: 20px;
left: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="relative-position">I am relatively positioned.</div>
<div class="absolute-position">I am absolutely positioned.</div>
<div class="fixed-position">I am fixed to the viewport.</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
In this example, we have a container <div> with three nested <div> elements. Each nested <div> has a different position value, and we use the top, bottom, left, or right properties to move them accordingly.
- The first nested
<div>hasposition: relative;, so it is moved 20 pixels down and 30 pixels to the right relative to its normal position in the document flow. - The second nested
<div>hasposition: absolute;, so it is positioned 50 pixels from the top and 50 pixels from the right edge of its nearest positioned ancestor (the container<div>in this case). - The third nested
<div>hasposition: fixed;, so it is fixed 20 pixels from the bottom and 20 pixels from the left edge of the viewport. It stays in the same position even when scrolling the page.
By using the position property along with the top, bottom, left, or right properties, you can precisely control the positioning of elements on your web page, allowing you to create complex and visually appealing layouts.